Understanding ADHD in Kids and Teens

What is ADHD and how does it present in children and teens?

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects a child’s ability to regulate attention, behavior, and impulses. In children and teens, ADHD can present in a variety of ways—some may struggle to focus on tasks, while others may seem restless, impulsive, or unable to sit still. This condition affects millions of children, so if you are wondering if your child or teen may have ADHD, you are certainly not alone. It is estimated that around 9% (about 6 million) of children in the United States have been diagnosed with ADHD. This figure highlights how common these challenges are, with symptoms often becoming noticeable in early childhood and continuing into adolescence. Recognizing ADHD early is key to helping young individuals maximize their chances to thrive despite these difficulties.

What are some of the most common symptoms of ADHD? Inattentive and Hyperactive-Impulsive Presentations

ADHD is often categorized into two main types: inattentive and hyperactive-impulsive, though some children exhibit a combination of both. For the inattentive type, the most common symptoms include difficulty sustaining attention during tasks or play, frequent careless mistakes in schoolwork, and trouble organizing activities or belongings—often leading to lost items like homework or key belongings they need to do their work (e.g., their agenda or leaving in school the book or notebook they needed to do the homework. In contrast, the hyperactive-impulsive type is marked by behaviors such as fidgeting or squirming excessively, interrupting others during conversations or games, and an inability to remain seated when expected. These symptoms can vary in intensity and may shift as a child grows into their teen years, making tailored assessment critical.

The impact on academic Performance, self-esteem, and family

ADHD can significantly affect a child or teen’s academic performance, often resulting in incomplete assignments, poor grades, or difficulty following classroom instructions. Beyond academics, the emotional toll can be profound—many of these young individuals internalize their struggles, leading to diminished self-esteem. They are frequently misunderstood, with parents or teachers attributing their challenges to laziness or a lack of effort rather than recognizing the neurological basis of ADHD. This misperception can strain family relationships, as parents may feel frustrated or helpless, unsure why their child “won’t just try harder.” The reality is that these children are often working harder than their peers to keep up, yet they are blamed for difficulties they can’t fully control—a cycle that chips away at their confidence.

Why is Accurate Diagnosis and Intervention key?

An accurate ADHD diagnosis is a transformative step toward unlocking a child or teen’s potential. With the right interventions—such as behavioral strategies, school accommodations, or, in some cases, evaluation the possibility of medication—children can experience improved focus, better peer relationships, and greater success in school. Diagnosis provides clarity not just for the child, but for the entire family, fostering understanding and often reducing the family tension, confusion, and/ or struggle that typically families experience when the ADHD symptoms are not well understood.  By addressing ADHD proactively, we can maximize opportunities for growth in key areas like social skills and emotional resilience, setting the stage for long-term well-being. Early identification is an investment in their future.

What does ADHD testing entail?

ADHD testing is a comprehensive process designed to paint a full picture of your child’s strengths and challenges. It typically begins with a clinical interview with parents to gather developmental history and current concerns, followed by an interview with the child or teen to understand their perspective. I also consult with teachers to assess behavior and performance in the classroom. Rating scales completed by parents, teachers, and, depending on age, the child themselves, help quantify symptoms and their level of severity. In some cases, cognitive or achievement testing may be included to rule out other factors or identify co-occurring learning difficulties. If you’re interested in learning more about ADHD testing for your child or teen in our Weston, FL office or via telehealth, don’t hesitate to reach out by calling us at 954.804.9915 or scheduling a free phone consultation at www.calendly.com/drperolini